What fundamental analysis is

Fundamental analysis asks why price moves: what state the economy is in, what the central banks are doing, and how flows shift between assets. Technical analysis asks when and where.

The difference in one sentence

Fundamental analysis gives you direction and reason; technical analysis gives you timing and level. Someone relying on the first alone is right about direction at the wrong time; someone relying on the second alone is ambushed by news that erases their analysis in a second.